This paper investigates a financial market where returns depend on an unobservable Gaussian drift process. While the observation of returns yields information about the underlying drift, we also incorporate discrete-time expert opinions as an external source of information.
For estimating the hidden drift it is crucial to consider the conditional distribution of the drift given the available observations, the so-called filter. For an investor observing both the return process and the discrete-time expert opinions, we investigate in detail the asymptotic behavior of the filter as the frequency of the arrival of expert opinions tends to infinity. In our setting, a higher frequency of expert opinions comes at the cost of accuracy, meaning that as the frequency of expert opinions increases, the variance of expert opinions becomes larger. We consider a model where information dates are deterministic and equidistant and another model where the information dates arrive randomly as the jump times of a Poisson process. In both cases we derive limit theorems stating that the information obtained from observing the discrete-time expert opinions is asymptotically the same as that from observing a certain diffusion process which can be interpreted as a continuous-time expert.
We use our limit theorems to derive so-called diffusion approximations of the filter for high-frequency discrete-time expert opinions. These diffusion approximations are extremely helpful for deriving simplified approximate solutions of utility maximization problems.